Centos
Linux
更改主机名称
bash
hostnamectl set-hostname [new name]更换源为阿里云
bash
#备份
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
#下载阿里源
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
#清除缓存、生成缓存
yum clean all
yum makecache
#查看源
yum repolist all
yum repolist enabled更换为官方源
bash
#备份源
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
#重建官方源
rpm -Uvh --force http://mirror.centos.org/centos-7/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/centos-release-7-9.2009.0.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
#重建缓存
yum clean all
yum makecache网络配置
bash
#进入网络文件夹
cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
#找到类似于 ifcfg-eth0 的文件， 也可能是别的
vi ifcfg-eth0
#将以下值修改为yes
ONBOOT=yes
#更改为静态IP
#修改ifcfg-eth0 下列信息获取自己的网络属性
BOOTPROTO=static # 使用静态IP地址，默认为dhcp
IPADDR=192.168.31.1 # 设置的静态IP地址
NETMASK=255.255.255.0 # 子网掩码
GATEWAY=192.168.31.1 # 网关地址
DNS1=192.168.31.1 # DNS服务器
#重启服务
systemctl restart network修改默认网卡名称
进入网络配置文件夹
bash
cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/修改文件名称
bash
mv ifcfg-ens32 ifcfg-eth0修改ifcfg-eth0中NAME和DEVICE为网卡名称。
bash
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=eth0
UUID=c42665f0-7f51-48ca-ba6a-dc8edd38a678
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes修改grub
bash
#修改grub添加net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0
vim /etc/default/grub
```
GRUB_TIMEOUT=5
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)"
GRUB_DEFAULT=saved
GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true
GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0"
GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
```
#生效
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
#重启
reboot内核升级
bash
#查看当前内核版本
uname -r
#更新源
yum -y update
#导入ELRepo仓库的公共密钥
rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org
#安装ELRepo仓库的yum源
rpm -Uvh http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-3.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm
#查询可用内核版本
yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="elrepo-kernel" list available
#安装最新的稳定版本内核
yum -y --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel install kernel-lt
#查看系统上的所有可用内核
sudo awk -F\' '$1=="menuentry " {print i++ " : " $2}' /etc/grub2.cfg
#设置 grub2
grub2-set-default 0
#重启
reboot时间同步
bash
#下载ntpdate包
yum install -y ntpdate
#同步Windows时间
ntpdate time.windows.com安装yum wget ...指令
bash
#安装wget、vim
yum install -y wget
yum install -y vim
#查找ifconfig在那个包下
yum search ifconfig
#安装ifconfig
yum install -y net-tools.x86_64
#安装nslookup
yum -y install bind-utils端口
bash
#查看端口80占用
lsof -i:80
#查看服务进程
ps -ef | grep nginx
#检查端口被哪个进程占用
netstat -lnp|grep 8090
#查看进程的详细信息
ps 6832
#结束端口
kill -9 28937
#查看监听的端口
netstat -lnpt 1234chmod
bash
#批量给指定文件授权
#语法
chmod [-R] [权限] `find [文件夹路径] -type f -regex ".*\.\([后缀]\|[后缀]\)"`
#例：表示给当前文件夹下所有sh文件授予777权限
chmod -R 777 `find ./ -type f -regex ".*\.\(sh\)"`Vim
bash
#替换字符
%s/[s1]/[s2]/g
#显示行号
:set number | set nu
#批量修改指定后缀文件编码
#例子:
for i in `find ./ -type f -regex ".*\.\(sh\)"`;do vi $i -c 'set ff=unix | wq';done
#语法:
for i in `find [path] -type f -regex ".*\.\([后缀]\)"`;do vi $i -c 'set ff=unix | wq';done
#vim自动添加行数
vim ~/.vimrc
set nu防火墙
bash
# 查看防火墙状态
firewall-cmd --state
#防火墙开机自启
systemctl enable firewalld
#开启防火墙
systemctl start firewalld
#查看防火墙所有开放的端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-ports
# 开放3306端
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
#关闭5672端
firewall-cmd --zone=public --remove-port=3306/tcp --permanent
# 配置立即生效
firewall-cmd --reload
#关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld.service
#关闭防火墙（永久）
systemctl disable firewalld.service开机启动脚本
在/etc/rc.d/rc.local文件中添加需要执行的脚本
bash
vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local
# !/bin/bash
# THIS FILE IS ADDED FOR COMPATIBILITY PURPOSES
#
# It is highly advisable to create own systemd services or udev rules
# to run scripts during boot instead of using this file.
#
# In contrast to previous versions due to parallel execution during boot
# this script will NOT be run after all other services.
#
# Please note that you must run 'chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local' to ensure
# that this script will be executed during boot.
touch /var/lock/subsys/local
sh /usr/local/harbor/restart.sh开启服务
bash
#查看服务
ps aux | grep 端口
#启动docker
systemctl start docker
#关闭docker
systemctl stop docker
#查看docker的运行状态
systemctl status docker存储
bash
# 查看当前文件夹使用大小
du -h
# 查看系统磁盘
df -hT
#查看当前目录下文件及目录大小[把*换掉，查具体的文件]
du -sh *磁盘
Centos7 系列：磁盘挂载和磁盘扩容(新加硬盘方式) - 知乎 (zhihu.com)
查看可用磁盘
bash
[root@host-192-168-0-12 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000b0d11
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vda1 * 2048 419430366 209714159+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/vdb: 1099.5 GB, 1099511627776 bytes, 2147483648 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes创建新分区
fdisk /dev/sdc n p 回车(默认值) 回车(默认值) 回车(默认值) w
bash
[root@host-192-168-0-12 ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xae10fc76.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-2147483647, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-2147483647, default 2147483647):
Using default value 2147483647
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 1024 GiB is set
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
使用publicKey登录
生成sshKey
使用xshell工具生成
上传ssh
bash
#上传ssh文件到该文件夹下
cd .ssh导入ssh
bash
cat [ssh文件名称] >> authorized_keys取消密码的登录
bash
passwd -d rootNC
语法： nc [服务器地址] [端口]
bash
例：nc www.baodu.com 80查看连接状态： netstat -natp
发送请求
bash
语法 ：[请求方式] [URL] [协议]例：GET / HTTP/1.0--注需要换行，所以要敲两次回车RZ/SZ使用
安装
bash
yum install lrzsz-0.12.20-27.1.el6.x86_64.rpm -yrz 可以多文件
bash
#在终端直接输入rz即可 rz [-y] 覆盖文件sz 可以多文件
bash
#在终端输入sz [文件1] [文件2]修改open files
需要root权限
设置open files
bash
echo ulimit -n 65535 >>/etc/profile生效
bash
source /etc/profile安装NFS
创建共享目录
sh
mkdir -p /data/kubernetes安装组件
sh
yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind编辑配置文件
sh
vi /etc/exports
/data/kubernetes 192.168.31.0/24(rw,sync,no_root_squash)启动服务
sh
service nfs start
service rpcbind start设置开机自启动
sh
systemctl enable nfs
systemctl enable rpcbind测试
sh
showmount -e 127.0.0.1脚本
bash
#!/bin/bash
#设置颜色
out(){
echo -e "\033[42m$1\033[0m"
}
read -r -p '请输入ip(默认:'`ifconfig eth0 | head -n2 | grep inet | awk '{print$2}'`'):' ip
[ -z "${ip}" ] && ip="`ifconfig eth0 | head -n2 | grep inet | awk '{print$2}'`"
read -r -p '请输入挂载路径(默认:/data/nfs): ' path
[ -z "${path}" ] && path="/data/nfs"
mkdir -p $path
yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind
cat >> /etc/exports << EOF
$path *(rw,sync,no_root_squash)
EOF
service nfs start && service rpcbind start
systemctl enable nfs && systemctl enable rpcbind
showmount -e $ip主机挂载
bash
mkdir -p /share
mount -t nfs 192.168.31.134:/data/share /share/ -o nolock,nfsvers=3,vers=3卸载
bash
umount /mnt/share开机自动挂载
bash
vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local
#在文件最后添加一行：mount -t nfs 192.168.31.134:/data/share /share/ -o nolock,nfsvers=3,vers=3yum离线下载
yumdownloader的安装及使用
安装
sh
yum install -y yum-utils
#安装yum-plugin-downloadonly插件
yum install -y yum-plugin-downloadonly使用
语法
sh
yum install -y --downloadonly --downloaddir=[目录] [软件包]例
sh
yum install -y --downloadonly --downloaddir=/root/mysql mysql文件追加及覆盖
追加
如果你追加的文件没有换行，追加进去的文件也没有换行
shell
echo "* soft nofile 65535 * hard nofile 65535" >> /etc/security/limits.conf覆盖
如果之前的文件存在则会覆盖
shell
tee /etc/security/limits.conf <<-'EOF'
* soft nofile 65535
* hard nofile 65535
EOFLinux安装Python
bash
#获取tarbal
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.4/Python-3.10.4.tgz
#解压
tar -xvf Python-3.10.4.tgz
#安装openssl1.1.1，python3.10需要openssl1.1.1版本以上
yum install -y epel-release
yum install -y openssl11 openssl11-devel
ln -sf /usr/lib64/pkgconfig/openssl11.pc /usr/lib64/pkgconfig/openssl.pc
#安装依赖
yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gcc make readline libffi-devel -y
#编译安装
cd Python-3.10.4
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3.10.4
make
make install
#命令创建软连接
ln -s /usr/local/python3.10.4/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
ln -s /usr/local/python3.10.4/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3
#版本查看
python3 -V
pip3 -VLinux安装GoLang
下载安装包
bash
wget https://golang.google.cn/dl/go1.19.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz解压
bash
tar -zxvf go1.19.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/配置环境变量
bash
export GOROOT="/usr/local/go"
export GOPATH=$HOME/go
export GOBIN=$GOROOT/bin
export PATH=$PATH:$GOBIN配置国内代理
bash
go env -w GOPROXY=https://goproxy.cn,direct验证
go
go version命令
获取IP （依赖ipconfig命令）
bash
#获取有线网卡
echo eth0=`ifconfig eth0 | head -n2 | grep inet | awk '{print$2}'`
#获取无线网卡
echo wlan0=`ifconfig wlan0 | head -n2 | grep inet | awk '{print$2}'`
#获取当前IP
ip route get 8.8.8.8 | awk '{ print $7; }'
#获取当前IP
ip addr show | grep 'inet ' | grep -v '127.0.0.1' | awk '{print $2}' | cut -d/ -f1